Bacterial Pathogens Detection Kits
RevoDx Pseudomonas Aeruginosa qPCR Kit
Being a Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a cytoplasmic membrane with a symmetric phospholipid bilayer and an asymmetric outer membrane with a phospholipid inner face and a lipopolysaccharide outer layer, which generates a permeability barrier. P. aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important bacterial pathogen, particularly as a cause of infections in hospitalised patients, immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis.
A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with serious illnesses – hospital-acquired infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and various sepsis syndromes.
Intended Use
RevoDx Pseudomonas aeruginosa qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA
RevoDx Klebsiella pneumonia qPCR Kit
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterium that normally lives inside human intestines, where it doesn’t cause disease. But if K. pneumoniae gets into other areas of the body, it can lead to a range of illnesses, including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae is second to Escherichia coli the most common gram-negative pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of infections. Klebsiella bacteria can be spread through person-to-person contact (for example, from patient to patient via the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel, or other persons) or, less commonly, by contamination of the environment. The bacteria are not spread through the air.
Klebsiella is a Gram-negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacteria. The bacterium has a capsule; it is resistant to the environment and action of disinfectants as well as many antibiotics, which makes it lethal. K. pneumoniae range from size 5,248,520 bp with GC content 57.7%.
Intended Use
RevoDx Klebsiella pneumonia qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Klebsiella pneumonia DNA.
RevoDx Enterobacter cloacae qPCR Kit
Enterobacter cloacae has only recently been perceived as a pathogen related to nosocomial infections (hospital infections). The bacterium can cause pneumonia, septicaemia, urinary tract, and wound infections and, in newborns, meningitis. Patients are at risk if they come into direct or indirect contact with contaminated persons or objects. The pathogens can also be transmitted via contaminated infusion solutions or blood products.
Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. The single circular chromosome DNA is 4,876,946 bp long with a GC content of 55.9%. Its genome encodes 4,827 genes, 86 tRNAs and 25 rRNAs.
Intended Use
RevoDx Enterobacter cloacae qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Enterobacter cloacae DNA.
RevoDx Escherichia coli qPCR Kit
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus known to be a part of normal intestinal flora but can also be the cause of intestinal and extraintestinal illness in humans. Symptoms of E. coli infection vary for each person, but often include severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), and vomiting. Some people may have a fever, which usually is not very high (less than 101˚F/38.5˚C). Most people get better within 5 to 7 days. E. Coli is not spread by coughing, kissing, or through normal, everyday interactions with friends or neighbours. However, once someone has consumed contaminated food or water, this infection can be passed from person to person by hand to mouth contact.
E. coli is a Gram negative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia, commonly found in the lower intestine of humans and animals. The Escherichia coli genome varies in size from 4.5 to 5.5 Mb. The E. coli chromosome is currently represented by 4,401 genes encoding 116 RNAs and 4,616 protein modules. GC content value of E. coli given 50.79%
Intended Use
RevoDx Escherichia coli qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Escherichia coli DNA.
RevoDx Acinetobacter Baumannii qPCR Kit
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that causes ventilator-associated as well as bloodstream infections in critically ill patients, and the spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter strains is cause for concern. Acinetobacter baumannii can cause infections in the blood, urinary tract, and lungs (pneumonia), or in wounds in other parts of the body. Furthermore, it is a Gram-negative, obligate aerobe, coccobacillus, and one of the most prevalent causes of nosocomial infections. The infecttion can spread from one person to another through contact with these contaminated surfaces or equipment or though person to person spread, often via contaminated hands. Among the microorganisms causing nosocomial infections in Turkey, A. baumannii ranks first with a rate of 23.2%.
The genome of A. baumannii is 4,199,500 nucleotides with 39.1% GC content and contains one 4,087,343 bp circular chromosome and one 112,157 bp circular plasmid. Among of the 4062 genes, predicted 3968 were protein-coding genes, and 94 RNAs; 26 pseudogenes were also identified.
Intended Use
RevoDx Acinetobacter baumannii qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Acinetobacter baumannii DNA.
RevoDx Staphylococcus Aureus qPCR Kit
Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous of all of the many common staphylococcal bacteria. These gram-positive, sphere-shaped (coccal) bacteria often cause skin infections but can cause pneumonia, heart valve infections, and bone infections. Staphylococcus aureus is present in the nose (usually temporarily) of about 30% of healthy adults and on the skin of about 20%. The percentages are higher for people who are patients in a hospital or who work there. The bacteria can spread from person to person by direct contact, through contaminated objects, or less often, by inhalation of infected droplets dispersed by sneezing or coughing.
The unclosed draft genome sequence analysis of S. aureus showed a genome size of 2,793,131 bp with a mean GC content of 32.70%, and the published genome size of S. aureus is about 2.8 Mb. Ten, 50, and 90 percentile methicillin resistance rates in S. aureus strains causing healthcare associated infections in Turkish tertiary-care university hospitals were 8.05%, 43.24%, and 78.26% in 2012, respectively. The overall cumulative MRSA rate in the 373 hospitals was 53.88%.
Intended Use
RevoDx Staphylococcus aureus qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus DNA.
RevoDx Staphylococcus Spp qPCR Kit
Staphylococcus spp. cause various suppurative infections, especially abscesses, mastitis and pyoderma. They occur as part of the normal microbial flora on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy humans and animals, and, to a lesser extent, in the environment. These bacteria are spread by having direct contact with an infected person, by using a contaminated object, or by inhaling infected droplets dispersed by sneezing or coughing. Skin infections are common, but the bacteria can spread through the bloodstream and infect distant organs.
Staphylococcus spp. are Gram-positive cocci (0,8 to 1,0 µm in diameter), non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase-positive, and in pus they form clusters like bunches of grapes. Species of the genus Staphylococcus have a GC content within the range 30.7–36.4 moles %.
Intended Use
RevoDx Staphylococcus spp qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Staphylococcus spp DNA
RevoDx Enterococcus faecalis qPCR Kit
Enterococcus faecalis cause a variety of infections, including endocarditis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, intra-abdominal infection, cellulitis, and wound infection as well as concurrent bacteremia. E. faecalis infections spread from person to person through poor hygiene. Because these bacteria are found in feces, people can transmit the infection if they don’t wash their hands after using the bathroom. The bacteria can get into food or onto surfaces such as doorknobs, telephones, and computer keyboards.
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of organisms. With the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a multidrug resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen. E. faecalis genomes had a low GC content ranging from 37.0 to 38.0%. The average genome size was 2.94 ± 0.15 Mb, with 2884 ± 211 predicted ORFs.
Intended Use
RevoDx Enterococcus faecalis qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Enterococcus faecalis DNA.
RevoDx Enterococcus faecium qPCR Kit
Enterococcus faecium cause a variety of infections, including endocarditis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, intra-abdominal infection, cellulitis, and wound infection as well as concurrent bacteremia. Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora. For the most part, the bacteria are transmitted by people who work at the hospital, some of whom carry the E. faecium in their gut. Other times, enterococci are transmitted through medical devices.
Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci in short and medium chains commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The genome size of the E. faecium strains vary substantially from 2.50 Mb to 3.14 Mb
Intended Use
RevoDx Enterococcus faecium qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Enterococcus faecium DNA.
RevoDx Streptococcus Pneumoniae qPCR Kit
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is responsible for the majority of community-acquired pneumonia. It is a commensal organism in the human respiratory tract, meaning that it benefits from the human body. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of middle ear infections, sepsis (blood infection) in children and pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. It can also cause meningitis (inflammation of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord) or sinus infections.
The main way people spread Streptococcus pneumoniae to others is through direct contact with respiratory droplets. The bacteria often spread within households and in crowded conditions. Pneumococcal infections are more common during the winter and early spring.
Intended Use
RevoDx Streptococcus pneumoniae qPCR Kit is a real-time PCR test intended for the qualitative detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA
RevoDx Treponema pallidum qPCR Kit
Syphilis, a re-emerging public health problem worldwide caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), usually induces systemic and chronic inflammation in hosts who do not receive timely therapy after exposing to high-risk factors such as leprous sexual contact. Before the treatment, rapid and accurate detection of syphilis is essential.
The genomic DNA sequence of T. pallidum comprises a circular chromosome of 1,138, 006 nucleotides long. The G+C base composition about 52.8%. There is a total of 1041 predicted ORFs, with an average size of 1023 bp. The organism has a comparatively small genome and only 55% of T. pallidum’s 1041 open reading frames are recognized to have a biological function, which indicates that it uses host biosynthesis to complete some of its metabolic needs.
Intended Use
RevoDx Treponema pallidum qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Treponema pallidum DNA.
RevoDx Neisseria Meningitidis qPCR Kit
Neisseria meningitidis are gram-negative bacteria. Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These illnesses are often severe, can be deadly, and include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and bloodstream. Symptoms may include fever, headache, and a stiff neck, sometimes with aching muscles. Nausea, vomiting and other symptoms may also occur. Skin rashes occur in about half of all individuals with meningococcal meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is still associated with a high mortality rate and persistent neurological defects, particularly among infants and young children. Meningococcal meningitis without antibiotic therapy is uniformly fatal.
Intended Use
RevoDx Neisseria meningitidis qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Neisseria meningitidis DNA.
RevoDx Neisseria Gonorrhoeae qPCR Kit
Gonorrhea, or infection with the gram-negative coccus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a major cause of morbidity among sexually active individuals worldwide. Like other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), gonorrhea disproportionately impacts young adult populations. There are genital symptoms such as discharge, burning during urination, unusual sores, or rash. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men. It is spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. A pregnant woman may also pass the infection to her baby during delivery. Anyone who has gonorrhea can pass it on, even without symptoms.
Intended Use
RevoDx Neisseria Gonorrhoeae qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae DNA.
RevoDx Chlamydia Trachomatis qPCR Kit
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted genital infections. The majority of affected persons are asymptomatic and, thus, provide an ongoing reservoir for infection. In infants born to mothers through an infected birth canal, conjunctivitis and pneumonia can occur. Moreover, both males and females can experience clinical syndromes due to infection at common epithelial sites, including the rectum and conjunctivae. Other types of C. trachomatis infection, including lymphogranuloma venereum and endemic trachoma, an ocular infection spread by direct contact and seen commonly in the developing world, may occur in both males and females. There are some symptoms such as painful urination, vaginal discharge in women, discharge from the penis in men, painful sexual intercourse in women, bleeding between periods and after sex in women, testicular pain in men.
Intended Use
RevoDx Chlamydia Trachomatis qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis DNA
RevoDx Mycoplasma Genitalium qPCR Kit
Mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest known self-replicating bacterium. It lacks a cell wall and hence cannot be detected on Gram staining of a specimen. M. genitalium is predominantly found in the genitourinary tract of both sexes. It evades the adaptive immune system by establishing intracellular infection (possibly due to its tip-like structure), but also by antigenic and phase variation of its surface-expressed proteins. M. genitalium infection may persist for months or years in asymptomatic individuals. It is found in genital specimens of 15-25% of men with non-gonococcal urethritis and 10-13% of women with pelvic inflammatory disease. Although the pathological consequences of M. genitalium infection are thought mainly to be due to host response, M. genitalium has been shown to directly cause cilial damage in human fallopian cell culture.
Intended Use
RevoDx Mycoplasma Genitalium qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Mycoplasma Genitalium DNA.
RevoDx Mycoplasma Hominis qPCR Kit
Mycoplasma hominis is a common mollicute bacteria, present in almost all humans in the urinary tract. However, it can sometimes cause infection which can be transmitted sexually. It is different from other STIs, in that monogamous couples can suddenly experience mycoplasma hominis even after years of exclusivity. Mycoplasma hominis is transferred from one person to another by having sex with an infected person and can also be spread from an infected pregnant mother to the baby during delivery. It may also be the culprit behind developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Mycoplasma hominis can also increase the risk of contracting HIV infection if having sexual intercourse with an infected person and may promote a shorter time period before the development of AIDS symptoms
Intended Use
RevoDx Mycoplasma Hominis qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Mycoplasma Hominis DNA.
RevoDx Ureaplasma Urealyticum qPCR Kit
Ureaplasma urealyticum is a type of bacteria that can cause infection of the urinary tract and vagina. It can be passed from mother to infant during birth or be sexually transmitted. Ureaplasma urealyticum can be found in a majority of sexually active people, most of whom are asymptomatic. Infection with U. urealyticum can contribute to neonatal infection and negative birth outcomes. U. urealyticum has been noted as one of the infectious causes of sterile pyuria. It increases the morbidity as a cause of neonatal infections. It is associated with premature birth, preterm rupture of membranes, preterm labor, cesarean section, placental inflammation, congenital pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, fetal lung injury and death of infant. Ureaplasma urealyticum is associated with miscarriage. In addition, this pathogen may latently infect the chorionic villi tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome
Intended Use
RevoDx Ureaplasma Urealyticum qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum DNA
RevoDx Ureaplasma Parvum qPCR Kit
Ureaplasma parvum is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. Ureaplasma parvum has been identified as being a commensal in the uterus as part of the microbiome in healthy women of reproductive age. Ureaplasma parvum is often found in the urinary or genital tract and can be transmitted through sexual contact. Ureaplasma parvum, an opportunistic pathogen of the human urogenital tract, has been implicated in contributing to chorioamnionitis, fetal morbidity, and fetal mortality. It has been proposed that the host genetic background is a critical factor in adverse pregnancy outcome as sequela to U. parvum intra-amniotic infection. This can lead to pain during urination, a burning sensation and unusual discharge, plus redness and inflammation around the site of infection.
Intended Use
RevoDx Ureaplasma Parvum qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Ureaplasma Parvum DNA.
RevoDx Gardnerella Vaginalis qPCR Kit
Gardnerella vaginalis is an anaerobic bacterium that resides in the normal vaginal flora. Normally, vaginal flora is predominated by the Lactobacilli species, but when organisms such as Gardnerella begin to overgrow and become the dominant species, this leads to bacterial vaginosis (BV). The bacteria are thought to be sexually transmitted between partners and can create a biofilm that progresses into BV. BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge. Of clinical consequence, BV is associated with preterm birth and increased risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). G. vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis, which may be asymptomatic, or may have symptoms including vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation, and a “fish-like” odor.
Intended Use
RevoDx Gardnerella Vaginalis qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Gardnerella Vaginalis DNA.
RevoDx Haemophilus Ducreyi qPCR Kit
Haemophilus ducreyi, a fastidious gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of chancroid, a genital ulcer disease (GUD). The organism is usually spread during sexual intercourse through microabrasions, and the disease usually manifests as multiple painful superficial ulcers associated with inguinal lymphadenitis. As a result of the painful nature of the lesions, patients usually seek immediate treatment, and asymptomatic carriage is therefore uncommon. In addition to causing GUD, H. ducreyi has been found in several recent studies to be a major cause of chronic skin ulceration in children from developing countries. It is characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy. It is a highly contagious but curable disease.
Intended Use
RevoDx Haemophilus Ducreyi qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Haemophilus Ducreyi DNA..
RevoDx Streptococcus Agalactiae qPCR Kit
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). Streptococcus agalactiae is commonly known to cause invasive infections in pregnant women and newborns. Infections range from local skin and soft tissue infections to invasive infections with meningitis, infective endocarditis, and sepsis. Symptoms include fever, difficulty feeding, irritability or lethargy (limpness or hard to wake up the baby), difficulty breathing and blue-ish color to skin.
Intended Use
RevoDx Streptococcus agalactiae qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Streptococcus agalactiae DNA..
RevoDx Haemophilus Influenzae qPCR Kit
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a type of bacteria that can cause several different kinds of infections. These bacterial infections can range from mild, such as ear infections, to severe, such as bloodstream infections. The infections typically affect children younger than 5 years old. They also affect people who are immunocompromised, such as those with certain medical conditions. Some H. influenzae infections are “invasive,” which means the bacteria invade parts of your body that are normally free from germs. For instance, H. influenzae can invade the fluid surrounding your spinal cord and brain, which can cause meningitis. Meningitis is the swelling of the lining of your brain and spinal cord. Invasive diseases usually require hospital treatment and can sometimes be fatal.
Intended Use
RevoDx Haemophilus influenzae qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Haemophilus influenzae DNA
RevoDx Listeria Monocytogenes qPCR Kit
Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by the germ Listeria monocytogenes. People usually become ill with listeriosis after eating contaminated food. The disease primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. When the infection is not invasive, any illness as a consequence of infection is termed febrile gastroenteritis. The manifestations of listeriosis include sepsis, meningitis (or meningoencephalitis), encephalitis, corneal ulcer, pneumonia, myocarditis, and intrauterine or cervical infections in pregnant women, which may result in spontaneous abortion (second to third trimester) or stillbirth. The symptoms vary with the infected person;
higher-risk people other than pregnant women: symptoms can include fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions.
pregnant women: pregnant women typically experience only fever, and other non-specific symptoms like chills and headache.
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Intended Use
RevoDx Treponema pallidum qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Treponema pallidum DNA.
RevoDx Stenotrophomonas Maltophilis qPCR Kit
Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. S. maltophilia infections have been associated with high morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised and debilitated individuals.The clinical features and management of S. maltophilia infections are discussed here. The general approach to gram-negative bacillary bacteremia, catheter-associated bloodstream infections, and hospital-acquired pneumonia are discussed elsewhere.S. maltophilia are similar to other bacterial pneumonia and may include fever, cough, mucus, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Symptoms of a blood infection (bacteremia) may include a fever, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion..
Intended Use
RevoDx Stenotrophomonas maltophilis qPCR Kit is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilis DNA.
